A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attending Diabetic OPD, RMMCH, Annamalai University
Vasudevan N. J.1, Sara B.2
1Assistant Professor, Chitra College of Nursing, Pandalam, Pathanthitta District, 689501.
2Professor, Rani Meyyamai College of Nursing, Annamalai University
*Corresponding Author Email: vasudevan.jothilal@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Statement of the Problem
A study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetic OPD, RMMCH, Annamalai University.
Objectives
To assess the existing level of knowledge on management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetic OPD, RMMCH.
To test the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetic OPD, RMMCH.
To correlate the findings with selected socio demographic variables such as age, gender, education, income.
Research Design and Methodology
Pre-experimental design was used to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge on management of type 2 Diabetes mellitus attending diabetic OPD, RMMCH.
A total of 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected by using convenience sampling technique.
The pretest was conducted using a structured-interview questionnaire. Structured Teaching Programme was conducted by using power point teaching programme. One week later a posttest was conducted by using the same structured interview questionnaire. Conceptual framework used for this study was General System Theory by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy(1968).
Results
The study revealed that 36(72%) had inadequate knowledge and 14(28%) had moderately adequate knowledge in the pretest. After STP 25(50%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 25(50%) had adequate knowledge
The paired “t” test was applied to compare pretest and posttest mean and standard deviation. It was found that knowledge level of the patients on management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus was statistically significant (P>0.001).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that STP on management of type 2 diabetes mellitus is effective in improving the knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
KEY WORDS: Diabetes mellitus, STP, Management of type 2 DM.
INTRODUCTION:
The Diabetic who knows most about his illness lives the longest. -Dr. E.P. Joslin.
Diabetes mellitus is one among the common disease in the world. Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of death in the developed world. By 2025, the number of diabetes patient is expected to increase by 41% in developed countries. The disease presently affected 10%of the affluent class and nearly 20% of the lower levels of population. [National Diabetes Information Clearing House, 2007].
Nearly 90-95% people who have diabetes suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus and is usually diagnosed after the age of 40.Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in adults and the leading cause of end stage renal disease. About 8 million Americans have type 2 diabetes. The prevalence is markedly higher in Native Americans and Hispanic Americans. [Black and Hawks, 2007].
Diabetes is mostly occurred because of the high rate of coronary heart disease among people with the age of 40. Nearly 25% patients on dialysis have type 2 diabetes. Economic cost of diabetes continuous to rise because of increase in medical cost and aging population. [Smeltzer and Bare, 2004]
Diabetes have emerged a major health care problem in India. According to Diabetes Atlas, 2007 published by the International Diabetes Federation, there will be an estimated 40 million persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India by 2007, and its number will increase up to 70 million by 2025. The prevalence of diabetes is 16.6% in Hyderabad, 12.4% in Bangalore, 11.6 in Delhi, 9.3% in Mumbai and 13.5% in Chennai. [Assocham, research paper, 2000].
WHO estimates that mortality from diabetes cost about 210 billion in India in the year 2005. It is estimated that every fifth person with diabetes will be an Indian. Due to this sheer numbers the economic burden due to diabetes in India is among the highest in the world. The real burden of the disease is due to its complications which increase the morbidity and mortality rate. [WHO Report, 2005]
The key findings of the research conducted by Journal of new millennium diabetes points out that out of 1 billion populations, 3% from rural population and 10 to 11% is from urban population have been affected. Diabetes is presently confined to the 10% of upper income group and 33% of the lower income group. The number of type 2 diabetes mellitus cases is estimated at 98%. [Journal of new millennium diabetes, 2008].
Diabetes is a chronic systemic disease characterized by deficiency of insulin or a decreased ability of the body to use insulin. High level of blood glucose is only one component of pathological process. It is the cause for clinical manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes can be associated with various other complications. So people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus can take preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of the disease as a result of complication. [Smeltzer and Bare, 2004].
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Research Methodology is the systematic way to solve the research problem. It may be understood as a scientific way of doing research.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
Pre experimental design – one group pretest – posttest design
O1 X O2
O1 -Pretest
X - Intervention (Structured Teaching Programme)
O2 - Posttest
VARIABLES IN THE STUDY:
Independent variable
Independent variable in this study is Structured Teaching Programme on management of type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
Dependent variable
Knowledge on management of type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
Extraneous variables
Individual differences, Level of knowledge, Exposure to mass media and Health care professionals.
SETTING
Raja Muthiah Medical College Hospital, Chidambaram was selected as the setting for the study. The hospital is 1183 bedded hospital, which has adequate infrastructure in medical and surgical department. This study was conducted in the diabetic OPD, in RMMCH Hospital. Diabetic OPD will be working on Monday to Tuesday between 7am -12pm. It also provides follow up services for the patients after the discharge from the hospital.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The study was conducted after obtaining approval from Institutional Human Ethics Committee. Permission was also obtained from the Medical Superintendent in RMMCH. The participants were informed about the study and written consent was obtained.
POPULATION
Target population
Patients with Diabetes mellitus.
Accessible population
Patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Convenience sampling technique was adopted to select the patients for this study.
SAMPLE SIZE
Fifty patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus who met with the inclusion criteria were selected.
CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION
Inclusion criteria
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus only attending diabetic Out Patient Department.
Patients who know Tamil.
Patients who are willing to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
Patients who are bought with complication related to Diabetes Mellitus
Patients who are having Diabetes Mellitus and undergone treatment for more than a year.
Patients having hearing impairment.
Comparison of mean knowledge regarding management of type 2 diabetes mellitus between pretest and posttest.
|
Mean |
SD |
Paired ‘t’ test value |
p-Value |
Pre test |
12.220 |
2.831 |
21.241 |
<0.001 (S) |
Post test |
19.340 |
2.353 |
S – Significant
Table shows the comparison of pretest and posttest knowledge of patients on management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mean score for pretest and posttest was 12.220 and 19.340 respectively. The paired ‘t’ test value was 21.241 and the ‘p’ value is significant at p<0.001. Therefore, it shows that the STP on management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus given to the patient was effective.
ACKNOWLDEGEMENT:
Author express their deep sense of gratitude to Dr. L. Jayachandran, Chairman, Chitra College of Nursing, Pandalm for the constant guidance, highly instructive suggestions, precious advice, inspiration and encouragement.
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Received on 24.11.2013 Modified on 12.01.2014
Accepted on 08.02.2014 © A&V Publication all right reserved
Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research 2(2): April- June 2014; Page 113-116